Figures of Speech को हिंदी में अलंकार कहते है. इसका प्रयोग भाषा की शोभा बढाने के लिए किया जाता है. अंग्रेजी में हम इसे निम्न तरीके से कह सकते है:
A Figure of Speech is a Word or Phrase which is used in a non-literal sense for rhetoric effect. Rhetoric is the art of using words or phrases in a persuasive manner.
हम कोई भी भाव को दो तरीके से अभिव्यक्त कर सकते है – शाब्दिक (Literal) और अलंकारिक (Figurative). नीचे के उदहारण देखे:-
LITERAL EXPRESSIONS | FIGURATIVE EXPRESSIONS |
My beloved is beautiful. The camel runs smooth in the desert. He has died. He drank the poison. He was the king of Mysore. | My beloved is like a rose. The camel is the ship of the desert. He has given up the ghost. He drank the fatal cup. He was the crown of Mysore. |
Figures of Speech निम्न हो सकते है:-
- Figures based on Similarity such as Simile, Metaphor, Fable, Parable, Allegory
- Figures based on Difference such as Oxymoron, Antithesis, Epigram, Paradox, Climax, Anti-climax or Bathos
- Figures based on Association such as Transferred Epithet, Allusion, Metonymy, Synecdoche
- Figures based on Imagination such as Pathetic Fallacy, Hyperbole, Apostrophe, Vision
- Figures based on Indirectness such as Irony, Sarcasm, Inneuendo, Euphamism
- Figures based on Construction such as Interrogation, Exclamation, Chiasmus, Zeugma
- Figures based on Sound such as Pun, Onomatopoeia, Alliteration